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St. Petersburg: Palace Pier / Russia

The section of embankment of Neva river between the bridges of the Palace and the Trinity St. Petersburg called Palace pier. Its formidable granite piers, over 2 km, ranging from the Senate building, located in the west to the Summer Palace of Peter the Great, to the east. The surrounding area consists of magnificent aristocratic palaces and canals lined with beautiful bridges.
The area around St. Isaac's Square ( already discussed in the blog ), with the homonymous church, the needle of the Admiralty, the Decembrists Square and the statue of Peter the Great ('The Bronze Horseman ") is a unique architectural space. In the Palace Square is located the Winter Palace by Rastrelli (part of the Hermitage), which evokes the opulence of Imperial Russia, on the contrary, in the Champ de Mars, the Eternal Flame is a memory of revolutionary sacrifice.
the side of the Neva is the main entrance to the Winter Palace and, in turn, is one of the entrances to the Museum of Fine Arts, the nation's largest, the Hermitage. The Small Hermitage, next door to the Winter Palace, was built in 1765-1769 to save collections of art. The Great (Old) Hermitage is interesting for its long facade (Yuri Velten, 1770-1787). After the small Winter Canal is the Hermitage Theatre, a project of Giacomo Quarenghi (1783-1787) and Summer Gardens.

»Buildings and places of interest:
" The Hermitage (Ermitazh) [official website ]: One of the most famous museums in the world, occupying a vast array of buildings. The Winter Palace is the main museum building. It was built between 1754 and 1762 by order of the Empress Isabel on a design by Italian architect Francesco Bartolomeo Rastrelli. Was finished after the death of Elizabeth. It was the official residence of the Tsars of Russia until the monarchy fell after the Russian Revolution in 1917, and occurred inside some of the most important events in Russian history.
Catherine the Great ordered the construction of the architect Vallin de la Mothe a small palace, located near the Winter Palace, which he called the Small Hermitage and take place between 1765 and 1769, with hanging gardens and convenience imaginable. Contains two exhibitions side, and serves as liaison between the Winter Palace and other palaces that are el museo. Pronto el palacio se llenó de objetos, así que Catalina II ordenó a los arquitectos Yuri Velten y Giacomo Quarenghi la construcción de otro edificio, conocido posteriormente como el Viejo Ermitage, construido entre los años 1771 y 1787. Esta parte del museo está conectada con el resto de edificios que vienen a continuación a través de un arco que sortea uno de los canales que desembocan en el Neva, el canal de Invierno.

El Teatro del Ermitage fue ordenado construir por Catalina la Grande entre los años 1783 y 1787 y ejecutado por el arquitecto Giacomo Quarenghi. Se encuentra al otro lado del Canal de Invierno. En la actualidad se siguen representando obras teatrales within the museum's programming. The New Hermitage was the first building constructed specifically to contain Russian art. It was built between 1842 and 1841 by German architect Leo von Klenze. Here is the main entrance of the museum, which consists of a large porch with a few Atlanteans (the sculptor A. Terebéniev). This portal is the official symbol of all the Hermitage.

In late 1990, he joined the General Staff building, where works have been moved from the second half of the nineteenth century.
The Hermitage collection is unique. Currently the gallery has over 3,000,000 works of art. Among the most respected art museums in the world with 2.5 million visitors annually. The ground floor is intended for the culture of primitive peoples, culture and art of ancient and Eastern countries. The main floor showcases the art of Western Europe and the history of Russian culture. Notably, the exhibition grounds are extremely valuable in itself: state halls, galleries, passages, stairs ... On the upper floor are the Department of Western European art, art of the countries of East and Numismatics. The solemn opening of the Imperial Hermitage was held in 1825 [ The Hermitage in Wikipedia ].

"Palace Square (Dvortsovaya ploschad): The Palace Square is part of the architecture of central squares formed by the Palace Square, St. Isaac and the Senate, joined by the Admiralty Avenue . Has played a major role in Russian history. It was the scene of Magno military parades in the Tsarist era, the so-called Bloody Sunday in 1905 or the assault on the Winter Palace by Lenin's Bolsheviks on November 7, 1917.
Between 1754-1762, with draft Bartolomeo Rastrelli, was built in the new Winter Palace, the baroque style, a style that went out of fashion while took the building. Between 1770 and 1780, along the southern boundary of the square of the palace, many buildings were erected under Yuri Velten projects. In the early nineteenth century (reign of Emperor Alexander I) Carlo Rossi rebuilt these buildings, which marked an important stage in the management of the square when he made the magnificent central administration building, the General Staff of the Russian army (1819 to 1829 .) Rossi is a composition of unusual size. The window level and building height (22 meters) coincide with the Winter Palace. The core of the buildings is also the same. Greater attention was conferred the center of the composition: the Arc de Triomphe that connects the square with the Nevsky. Corona arc the 'Cart Victoria' (1829), drawn by six prancing horses, the work of sculptors Stepan Pimenov and Vasily Demuth-Malinovsky). It stands on the eastern side of this unique architectural Headquarters Guard, built entte 1837 and 1843 by Alexander Briullov. The Admiralty closes the Western Front.
In the center of the square is the Alexander Column . This column, the largest monolith in the world, was executed in 1830-1834 with draft Auguste de Montferrand. The monument, like the bow of Staff, was dedicated to Czar Alexander I and the victories in the war with Napoleon (1812-1814). The imposing marble monolith of 25.6 m in height weighs 600 tons. The total height of the monument is of 47.5 m. Column tops the bronze figure of an angel with a cross that crushes a serpent (a symbol of triumph of good over evil), sculptor B. Orlovsky. The angel's face is like the portraits of Alexander I. On the pedestal an inscription says: "A Russian Alexander grateful." The pedestal is decorated with bronze reliefs.

"Campo de Marte (Maršov Pole): Emerged in place a swamp drained in the first half of the eighteenth century, the Champ de Mars was named after the god of war Mars, as there were often held military parades. On March 23, 1917 in the Champ de Mars were buried 184 soldiers and workers killed in the days of the February Revolution. The "Memorial to fighters of the revolution" (1917-1919), granite, designed by Lev Rudnev, and 'Eternal Flame' (1957) symbolize the memory of the victims of the 1917 revolution and civil war. In 1920 he started the garden path.
The imposing neoclassical building on the western side of the square was built by Vasili Stasov between 1817 and 1819.'s headquarters were previously Pavlovski Guard, founded by Tsar Paul I in 1796. The officers of this room were the first who fought the tsarist government in the revolution of 1917.
"Summer Palace (Letný Dvorets): This modest two-storey building made as a private palace of Peter the Great was constructed between 1710 and 1712 by the most famous architect of St. Petersburg, Domenico Trezzini. The mansion, built in the delightful summer garden, contains just 14 rooms and was the summer residence of the Tsar and his family from 1712 until his death in 1725. Its facade is simple and has only a few depictions of mythological subjects in relief. Unlike of the ancient palaces of XVII century, has a high ceiling and large windows, allowing natural light into the interior. Its design is known as "Dutch construction." Each floor of the palace consists of seven rooms. Peter the Great lay on the ground floor of the palace while his wife preferred the upper floor. The original rooms were decorated with oak paneling, paintings, engravings, paintings and artifacts beautiful stoves period, many of whom belonged to Tsar Peter himself. Although many of the interiors of the palace were redesigned in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, they would all be meticulously restored to its original form shortly after the end of the Second World War.

The palace is located on the banks of the Fontanka River, which empties into the mighty Neva River. During the time of Peter the Great, a small port was built next to the entrance of the palace, which allows the Tsar to navigate to the door of his residence and enjoy the large park nearby.
"Summer Garden (Letníy Sad): These gardens, the first of the city, took place in 1704 when Peter I began to plant more trees and flowers, and marble statues brought some 250 statues century Italian XVII and XVIII. In 1707 the works were finished with the installation of fountains, completing a garden regular, geometric design, the French style of Versailles, with roads of elms and oaks and pavilions.
The flood of 1777 destroyed almost all the summer garden, which was reestructuradoi English style, following the more sober tastes of Catherine the Great. The splendid filigree iron railings (1771-1784) facing the Neva embankment, created by Yuri Velten and Piotr Yegorov. In the nineteenth century, Nicholas I opened the gardens to the people and created two neoclassical pavilions, the home of tea and coffee house in the area facing the Fontanka. Stresses the bronze statue of Ivan Krylov, the most famous writer of fables from Russia, held in 1854 by Pyotr Klodt.

"Marble Palace (Mramornyy Dvorets) (Milionnaya Ulitsa 5): The building was commissioned by Empress Catherine the Great for his favorite, Count Grigory Orlov. The palace was designed and built between 1768 and 1785 by Italian architect Antonio Rinaldi. Solid and stern-looking, was rich and expensively decorated with 32 different types of marble. Alexander Briullov redecorated most of the interiors in the 1840's, although the step Gala and Marble Hall are original Rinaldi. On the roof of the latter is preserved a painting of Stefano Torelli (early 1780), entitled 'The Triumph of Venus. " When Count Orlov died in 1783, the palace was given to the last Polish king Stanislaw Ponjatovsky, who was then living permanently in St. Petersburg. After his death, the palace became the official residence of dukes and prominent members of the royal family of Russia.
The palace, where he remained for 55 years, the Lenin Museum, now a unit of the Russian Museum. Are works of foreign artists and modern art donated by the German collector Peter and Irene Ludwig. The collection includes a Picasso ('Big Heads', 1969) and works by artists such as Jean-Michel Basquiat, Andy Warhol, Ilya Kabakov and Roy Lichtenstein.
front of the palace stands a curious statue of Alexander III by the Prince Pavel Trubetskoy was originally Ploschad Vosstaniyya since 1911 and moved here in 1937 using its massive pedestal to create sculptures of the new heroes like Lenin.

"" Bibliography: 'St. Petersburg' (Visual Guides El País Aguilar).
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