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Rome: Via Appia Antica and the Catacombs / Italy

Via Appia Antica (Rome)

Known by the Romans as the "Regina Viarium '(Queen of Roads), the Via Appia Antica was one of the most important roads of ancient Rome. It extends from Via Porta San Sebastiano, near the Baths of Caracalla, to Brindisi, on the coast of Apulia.
born in 312 BC as a means of communication between Rome and Capua, being built while he was censor Appius Claudius Caecus, magistrate that he gave his own name. It was made entirely paved with large blocks of volcanic stone, following a project surprisingly 'modern' because, thanks to a system of ring roads, put aside the towns and exceeded, with impressive works of engineering, natural and very difficult area Pontina swamp. It was subsequently enlarged in the year 190 BC to become the main access to the city from the Adriatic and from the East. In 500 the Via Appia Antica was restored by order of Pope Pius IV.
now houses a park which includes the Wall Aurelian and many archaeological sites, as well as species native to the hills of Rome. Over the weekend, much of the Via Appia Antica is transformed into a pedestrian area. The monuments of Via Appia are basically the Roman catacombs and tombs.

Via Appia Antica (Rome)

Ancient Roman generals were great engineers. Their fabulous consular roads out from the "Urbs" like the spokes of a bicycle (which is why "all roads lead to Rome"). The roads were wide enough to that two carriages to pass. The Via Appia Antica was built in 312 BC by the censor Appius Claudius Caecus. It was the first road South: coming to Naples and Brindisi extended to over 530 kilometers. From that port on the Adriatic, and after two-week march from the capital, the Roman legions departed for the conquest of his empire in the East.
Every Sunday, a significant portion of Via Appia Antica becomes a car-free zone. Via Porta di Sebastiano Since you can walk or bike for miles. The traditional route starts at the Tomb of Cecilia Metella and includes step by various landmarks and points of interest include the Mausoleum Bove Field, the church of San Nicola, the family tomb Sisto Pompeo, Claudio Secondin Mausoleum, the tomb of Seneca, the Tomb of Fifth Apulcio, among others.

Catacombs of San Callisto (Rome)

»Catacombs:
" Ancient Rome prohibited burials within the walls of the city, which is why the early Christians dug around 300 km of tunnels and tombs of various levels under the roads leading out of it. More Later, they were abandoned and forgotten, until in the sixteenth century a farmer found this' world of the dead. "
The catacombs were made between I and V by the early Christians. They wrapped the bodies with white sheets and placed in rectangular niches carved into the walls of the tunnels, then covered their simple slabs of marble or terracotta. For Christians the underground chambers served the dual function of being a clandestine meeting places where they could practice their religious persecution and, in turn, store important relics. When the barbarians began to loot the catacombs in the V century, popes collected relics, including heads of Saints Peter and Paul, and from that time these places were abandoned.
Via Appia Antica in the catacombs, there are three important, in addition to other nearby roads, which can go on guided tours.

" Catacombs of San Callisto (San Calixto) (Via Appia Antica, 110): They are the biggest and most famous. This is a site that extends into an area of \u200b\u200b30 hectares surrounded by walls with several entrances and exits, with 20 km of tunnels browser where archaeologists found the graves of some 500,000 people. Containing the tomb of the martyred St. Cecilia (though now your body is housed in the Basilica of Santa Cecilia in Trastevere). It also houses a crypt with the tombs of the seven popes were martyred in the third century.
" Catacombs of San Sebastiano (San Sebastian) (Via Appia Antica, 136): In this place is venerated to the apostles Peter and Paul, it is believed that his relics were transferred to this safe place for the reign of Emperor Vespasian. There is entered through the basilica of the same name, the fourth century and was where he was buried the martyr St. Sebastian, and contains one of the arrows used to kill him. Currently the first floor is completely destroyed, but the second you can see frescoes, stucco, headings and three perfectly preserved mausoleums.

Catacombs of St. Domitilla, Nereus and Achilleus Basilica (Rome)

" Catacombs of St. Domitilla (Via delle Sette Chiessa, 283): They are among the largest and oldest existing in Rome. Found in what was the property of Flavia Domitilla, a young noble Christian, granddaughter of Emperor Domitian and a member of the wealthy family Flavia, who was banished by their religion. Christian paintings contain the walls and the basilica ground of the martyrs Nereus and Achilles, which was built in the fourth century.
" Catacombs of Priscilla (Via Salaria, 430): This is one of the oldest Roman cemeteries have been discovered and retains some cool special importance for the history of art, for example, the first performances of the Virgin Mary or the Annunciation. Its origins date back to the late second century because that is where the remains of the family of Priscilla, the founder of this place [ Learn more at Wikipedia ].
"Catacombs of Sant'Agnese (Via Nomentana, 349): A Catacombs of the four are located on the Via Nomentana, some distance outside the Aurelian Walls surrounding the old city. A cemetery already existed here, when the remains of St. Agnes were burned here. The oldest part of the north, dating from the second century.

Chiesa Domine Quo Vadis? (Rome)

'' Other buildings and places of interest:
"Chiesa Domine Quo Vadis? (Via Appia Antica): This church was built in 1637 in where it is said, St. Peter, fleeing from Rome, he found Jesus Christ. The saint, surprised, asked: "Domine Quo Vadis?" ('Lord Where are you going? ") And Jesus replied:' I'm going to Rome to be crucified." San Pedro understood his words and returned to Rome to face martyrdom. In the nearby church of San Sebastiano is the slab of stone with the supposed footprint of Christ.
'Mausoleum delle Fosse Ardeatine (Via delle Sette Chiessa): The Mausoleum of the Ardeatine museum is a monument commemorating the city's resistance against the Germans. On the night of March 24, 1944, Nazi forces led to 335 prisoners randomized to an abandoned quarry south of Rome and shot at close range in retaliation for the deaths of 32 German soldiers. Among the victims who had nothing to do with those deaths, priests, officials, about 100 Jews and even a boy of 14 years. The emotional mausoleum honoring the dead.

Mausoleum di Cecilia Metella (Via Appia Antica) (Rome)

"Tomba di Cecilia Metella (Via Appia Antica, 171): The most famous stone tomb of the Via Appia Antica, being an original section of it close to her. The Roman noble which is dedicated this tomb was related by birth and by marriage to two of the most illustrious Roman families of the republican era: the father was consul Quintus Caecilius Metellus defeated the pirate fleet and conquered island of Crete; the husband, the son of Crassus, Caesar went to Gaul between 57 and 51 BC and held important public positions. In the Middle Ages, the mausoleum was used as part of the Caetani family castle, becoming the main tower of defense.
"Columbarium (Via Appia Antica, 87): Despite its name, there is a dovecote, but an old warehouse where polls the Romans kept the ashes of his freedmen. It currently houses the restaurant "l'Antica Hosteria Roma '. The burial chamber with niches lining the walls, is outdoors.
"" Bibliography: »Rome (Lonely Planet)
» Links: "Beni Archeologici di Roma" Via Appia Antica (In Rome ) "Via Appia Antica (Tourism Rome) " Catacombs of Rome (Traveler's Journal) "Catacombs (Wikipedia) " Christian Catacombs of Rome " Rome Tourism (in English) »Rome Tourist Guide